唐方教授脏腑辨证治疗小儿急性咳嗽经验

小儿急性咳嗽作为儿科常见病,因小儿脏腑娇嫩、形气未充,具有发病急骤、传变迅速的病理特点,故易出现各种变证,建立完善的小儿急性咳嗽诊治体系就显得尤为重要。因咳嗽病程不同,病邪部位有异,辨证论治之法亦有不同,唐方教授通过多年临床实践归纳和总结出小儿咳嗽从"肺胃肝三脏"治疗理论。该理论以脏腑辨证为基础,具有紧抓主症、用药考究、灵活加减的特点。临床用药加减则依据肺主宣发肃降,故多予炙麻黄、桔梗开宣肺气,予桑白皮、葶苈子降气止咳,且小儿生理特点为"脾常不足",故而过量进食之后,损伤脾胃,造成肺胃热盛同病,胃多气多血之腑,故予红景天、地龙、牡丹皮活血凉血清热。通过对临床医案的分析,进一步阐释从"肺胃肝三脏"治疗理论,从而为小儿咳嗽的临床诊治工作提供有益借鉴。     

基于血管内皮功能相关多生物标记物的哮喘预后研究

目的 分析哮喘儿童血清中血管内皮功能相关标记物的变化情况及其与疾病预后的关系,为儿童哮喘预后的评估提供依据。方法 收集2016年10月-2017年12月在南通大学附属常州儿童医院就诊的89例5～14岁哮喘患儿在哮喘发作期的血清样本和92例健康儿童的血清样本,运用ELISA和其他商用测试盒检测其中内皮功能相关标志物血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、精氨酸酶I(Arg I)、骨膜蛋白(POSTN)、脂联素(APN)和瘦素的浓度以及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性,并用高效液相串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测L-精氨酸、甲基化精氨酸ADMA和SDMA的浓度。此后对哮喘组患儿进行为期1年的随访,记录在此期间出现喘息发作的次数。运用正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)分析数据,筛选对哮喘疾病预后有关键影响的血管内皮功能相关标记物。结果 哮喘组儿童血清中Arg I、POSTN、VEGF和瘦素的含量显著增加,iNOS活性显著增高,L-精氨酸浓度显著下降(P<0.05)。OPLS-DA模型显示,基于内皮功能多标记物哮喘组可以和对照组显著区分,且Arg I、iNOS活性以及VEGF水平的变量重要性因子(VIP)值分别为2.11、1.23、1.09,是区分哮喘组和对照组的关键内皮标记物。随访后1年,随访成功70例,其中反复喘息组(n=27)与非反复喘息组(n=43)相比,血清ADMA和Arg I的含量显著增加,POSTN和APN含量显著减少(P<0.05)。OPLS-DA模型的S-plot图和VIP值排序都表明区分两组的关键内皮标记物是APN、POSTN和Arg I。结论 哮喘儿童血清中多种内皮功能相关的生物标记物稳态失衡,其中APN、POSTN和Arg I对儿童哮喘的疾病预后有较高的预测价值。     

散聚汤加味对宫颈癌术后放化疗患者的癌因性疲乏和免疫功能的改善研究

[目的]探讨散聚汤加味改善宫颈癌术后放化疗患者的癌因性疲乏和免疫功能的疗效。[方法]筛选在洛阳解放军534医院行宫颈癌手术后患者共82例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组各41例。对照组给予同步放疗+TP化疗方案[紫杉醇(TAX)+顺铂(DDP)]。观察组在对照组基础上给予散聚汤加味治疗,每日1剂,每日2次,连续服用12周。比较两组患者癌因性疲乏评分、毒性反应、T淋巴细胞亚群水平以及血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)水平。[结果]治疗12周后,观察组患者的癌因性疲乏(情绪、感觉、行为、认知)评分显著低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者的消化道反应、膀胱刺激发生率明显少于对照组(P0.05);治疗12周后,观察组患者CD3+、CD3+CD4+以及IgA、IgG、IgM水平显著高于对照组,CD3+CD8+明显低于对照组(P0.01)。[结论]散聚汤加味能改善宫颈癌术后放化疗患者的癌因性疲乏,增强免疫功能,且可降低毒副反应。     

丁苯酞对轻度血管性认知障碍患者执行功能的影响

目的 评估口服丁苯酞对血管性轻度认知障碍患者执行能力的影响。 方法 选择轻度血管性认知功能障碍患者48例，分为观察组24例，对照组24例。观察组服用丁苯 酞200 mg，每日3次，对照组服用维生素E 100 mg，每日3次，共90 d。比较两组治疗前及治疗后连线A 和连线B测试、数字广度顺背倒背、言语流畅性测验（verbal fluency test，VFT）、画钟测验量表评分， 评价丁苯酞对患者执行功能的影响。 结果 治疗前，两组认知和执行功能差异无统计学意义。治疗后，观察组连线A（[ 53.65±0.88）vs （56.22±0.87）]和连线B（[ 174.95±1.99）vs（177.41±1.44）]测试评分低于对照组，差异有统计学意义； 数字广度顺背倒背测试（[ 5.05±1.22）vs（4.59±0.33）]和VFT（[ 13.29±0.88）vs（12.43±1.02）]评分 高于对照组，差异有统计学意义；两组画钟测试差异无统计学意义。 结论 丁苯酞可以改善轻度血管性认知障碍患者执行功能。     

健康管理对高危哮喘儿童家庭单元治疗依从性作用及肺功能指标的影响

目的 分析健康管理对提高以家庭为单位的高危哮喘儿童病情控制及肺功能指标的改善作用,为儿童哮喘防治提供新的思路。方法 选取2014年1月－2016年5月在山东省立医院就诊的93例高危哮喘儿童并随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组给予常规临床治疗加全程健康管理和定期随访;对照组只给予常规临床治疗,未贯穿健康管理,嘱定期随访。结果 实验组患儿的病情控制及各项肺功能指标较之于对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 加强高危哮喘儿童的家庭单元的防控意识,进行系统、持续的健康管理,定期随访和监测,能明显减少患儿病情发作,提高治疗依从性。     

Constrained empirical-likelihood confidence regions in nonignorable covariate-missing data problems

Missing covariates in regression analysis are a pervasive problem in medical, social, and economic researches. We study empirical-likelihood confidence regions for unconstrained and constrained regression parameters in a nonignorable covariate-missing data problem. For an assumed conditional mean regression model, we assume that some covariates are fully observed but other covariates are missing for some subjects. By exploitation of a probability model of missingness and a working conditional score model from a semiparametric perspective, we build a system of unbiased estimating equations, where the number of equations exceeds the number of unknown parameters. Based on the proposed estimating equations, we introduce unconstrained and constrained empirical-likelihood ratio statistics to construct empirical-likelihood confidence regions for the underlying regression parameters without and with constraints. We establish the asymptotic distributions of the proposed empirical-likelihood ratio statistics. Simulation results show that the proposed empirical-likelihood methods have a better finite-sample performance than other competitors in terms of coverage probability and interval length. Finally, we apply the proposed empirical-likelihood methods to the analysis of a data set from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.     

Application of the Draft NIOSH Occupational Exposure Banding Process to Bisphenol A: A case study

Bisphenol A is a commercially important chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins, and other specialty products. Despite an extensive body of in vitro, animal and human observational studies on the effects of exposure to bisphenol A, no authoritative bodies in the U.S. have adopted or recommended occupational exposure limits for bisphenol A. In 2017, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health published a Draft process for assigning health-protective occupational exposure bands, i.e., an airborne concentration range, to chemicals lacking an occupational exposure limit. Occupational exposure banding is a systematic process that uses both quantitative and qualitative toxicity information on selected health effect endpoints to assign an occupational exposure band for a chemical. The Draft process proposes three methodological tiers of increasing complexity for assigning an occupational exposure band. We applied Tier 1 (based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling) and Tier 2 (based on authoritative sources/reviews) to assign an occupational exposure band to bisphenol A. Under both Tier 1 and 2, the occupational exposure band for bisphenol A was “E” (<0.01?mg/m³), an assignment based on eye damage. “E” is the lowest exposure concentration range, reserved for chemicals with high potential toxicity. If eye damage was excluded in assigning an air concentration exposure range, then bisphenol A would band as “D” (>0.01 to 0.1?mg/m³) under Tier 1 (based on reproductive toxicity and respiratory/skin sensitization) and under Tier 2 (based on specific target organ toxicity-repeated exposure). In summary, Tiers 1 and 2 gave the same occupational exposure band for bisphenol A when eye damage was included (“E”) or excluded (“D”) as an endpoint.     

Echocardiographic assessment at rest and during stress in patients with intermittent claudication

Objective. Skeletal muscle perfusion during walking relies on complex interactions between cardiac activity and vascular control mechanisms, why cardiac dysfunction may contribute to intermittent claudication (IC) symptoms. The study aims were to describe cardiac function at rest and during stress in consecutive IC patients, to explore the relations between cardiac function parameters and treadmill performance, and to test the hypothesis that clinically silent myocardial ischemia during stress may contribute to IC limb symptomatology. Design. Patients with mild to severe IC (n?=?111, mean age 67 y, 52% females, mean treadmill distance 195 m) underwent standard echocardiography, dobutamine stress echocardiography (SE) and treadmill testing. The patient cohort was separated in two groups based on treadmill performance (HIGH and LOW performance). Results. Ten patients (9%) had regional wall motion abnormalities of which three had left ventricular ejection fraction <50% at standard echocardiography. A majority had lower than expected systolic- and diastolic ventricular volumes. LOW performers had smaller diastolic left ventricular volumes and lower global peak systolic velocity during dobutamine stress. No patient demonstrated significant cardiac dysfunction during dobutamine provocation that was not also evident at standard echocardiography. Conclusions. Most IC patients were without signs of ischemic heart disease or cardiac failure. The majority had small left ventricular volumes. The hypothesis that clinically silent myocardial ischemia impairing left ventricular function during stress may contribute to IC limb symptomatology was not supported.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01219842.